a. Aerobic Activities:
is recommended the implementation of low impact activities such as walking, cycling or pedal the bicycle, swimming, hydro, climbing stairs, dancing, yoga, tai chi chuan and low-impact aerobics. These activities are preferable to high-impact calls, such as jogging, running, jumping or playing sports like volleyball or basketball and high impact aerobics, which have large lesion prevalence in this age of life.

b. Muscular Strength Training:
a fundamental aspect of the exercise program is to strengthen the muscles for increasing muscle mass and muscle strength, thus avoiding one of the leading causes of disability and falls. Besides muscle mass is the main stimulus for increasing bone density. In a classic work done in individuals of 86-96 years who participated in a program of training of 8 weeks (3 times / week) to strengthen the muscles of the lower limbs showed 174% improvement in strength and 48% speed walk.

However, 4 weeks of training led to a suspension of 32% decrease in strength (Fiatarone and col. 1990). Continuing this line of research in several scientific works have been made in recent years CELAFISCS (SATIN e col. 1996,1997,1998). SATIN et al. 1996 proposed three different protocols of physical exercises (training of muscular strength, aerobic and an association of muscle strength training and aerobic) to verify the effects on weight, adiposity and body mass index in healthy women aged 55 to 80 years of age for 4 weeks.

Despite checking that the short period of time was not sufficient to promote significant changes in anthropometric variables, it was observed that the group that performed exercises muscle strength, body fat decreased 9.3%, while the other groups did not alter the values.

Several scientific studies have attempted to verify the effects of programs for muscular strength training on muscle strength and other variables in older people. These studies found greater increases in muscle strength of lower limbs of superiors ranging from 9% to 227%.

Evidence suggests that muscle strength training may alter the negative effects of age on the neuromuscular system by reducing the sarcopenia and have greater impact in the lower limbs that are more committed to carrying out daily activities of the elderly.

We also know that muscle endurance training increases resting metabolic rate, increases caloric expenditure, fat-free mass (Fiatarone, 1998) improves glucose tolerance and improved bone density, muscle mass, strength, balance and the total level of individual physical activity decreases the risk of osteoporotic fractures in women postmenopausal.

The most important guidance to avoid increases in blood pressure is to inspire before you lift the weight is being lifted expire when and inspiring when you lower the weight. According to Feigenbaum and Pollock (1999) the use of machines is preferable to the use of free weights in the elderly because they are safer, prevent injuries, increase low weight, protect the spine and avoid the Valsalva maneuver.

Training of muscle strength and bone mass:

The effects of exercise on bone density, are more important in the body regions that have a greater amount of trabecular bone, located especially in the vertebral bodies while the results in cortical bone, need periods greater muscle strength training (over two years). The benefits for the elderly estes results are indisputable, because the mechanical stress caused by physical training pizoelectrico generates an effect on the bone, generating increased activity and increase osteoblastic bone formation by the increased synthesis of proteins and DNA.

The muscular strength training is positively associated with high bone mineral density in young and old, being that the effect is localized and specific to premises which are being stimulated. Although aerobic exercise be important for bone strength training appears to have a much bigger impact.

Thus this type of training is important for increasing peak bone mass in premenopausal women to maintain or increase bone mass in post-menopausal and to help the frail elderly to preserve bone mass, increase mass and strength muscle, agility and balance fundamentals for the maintenance of functional capacity of the elderly.

c.hydro.

The main advantages of this type of activity in relation to water exercises carried out are:
- Reduction of gravitational forces
- Reduction of the mechanical stress of the muscular-skeletal
- Ease of thermoregulation
- Natriuretic and diuretic effect

Passive exercise systems have spent several years in the market and virtually no aesthetic center that does. Moreover, there are simple devices that promote telesales programs that can be used at home without much trouble.

Many specialists argue that the system does not work for weight loss and that its benefits are limited because the system does not imply a general physical activity: is limited to the muscles and leaves out joint systems, bone and cardiovascular. “The passive exercise is good for weight loss” says Harold Arevalo of Medical Gym sports doctor. Some muscles can be worked through contractions, but does not improve metabolism which is what, ultimately, it allows weight reduction.

In short, doubts persist about the effectiveness and benefits of passive exercise where the aim is to remove weight off, but some insist it is better than nothing. In addition, doctors use it as physical therapy or to treat pain, among other purposes.

Under pressure

Another method that is not exactly the classic model of passive exercise and that some beauty centers use it to do lymphatic drainage is the method called CPES or synchronous external counterpulsation. It is a technique designed for more than four decades to stimulate circulation, which used to bring bands to the legs and inflate and deflate as tensiometers.

The doctors recommended to improve cardiovascular function, as an alternative when you can not operate on a patient with heart failure treatment or rehabilitation after injury. “Patients undergoing external counterpulsation improves functional ability may be more active and require less medication,” says cardiologist Jorge Mor, who notes that the literature on this technique as a measure of primary prevention is scarce.

From a medical standpoint, the system brings benefits CPES as a substitute for physical activity, but according to the internist and cardiologist Dario Celis, director of the Young Heart Medical Group, has not been possible to go deeper into the topic by the amount of interest existing economic.

“The labs are well-equipped business with stents and drug-claims specialist and promoter of the CPES. So do not let there any risk of loss.”

MEDICAL USES

Passive exercise is used in:

Pain therapy. Electrical impulses may modulate pain signals sent to the brain by the nerve centers.

Rehabilitation and physiotherapy. The active current peripheral nerves and induces contraction of muscles and is therefore used in the treatment of paralysis and muscle atrophy.

Strain. The constant current pulses or pauses generate muscle contractions and contribute to the relaxation of muscles.

Incoming search terms for the article:

There are several advantages offered by this aquatic fitness land practices. They work all the muscles, so that the entire body is benefited by the practice. It is precisely for this comprehensiveness that is suitable for everyone. Besides the benefits for seniors, is also recommended for those with weight problems, recovering, injured trauma, whose mobility and joint stability in knees, ankles or back problems in general. Exercise is also very suitable for pregnant women.

The hipogravidez (lack of gravity) allows reducing the impact of the body to the ground and, with this, the strain on joints. This feature makes water exercise may be more lasting and more frequent. It also allows people with limited mobility can benefit from the release of weight that provides the water. The psychological benefit here is undeniable.

The hydrostatic pressure, which initially may be uncomfortable for causing respiratory complaints, ultimately improving the respiratory muscles and ventilation capacity. It facilitates the positioning of the body upright, something very interesting for people who need external help to maintain this position.

Also, the slowness of movement that causes the pressure in the water to detect long before further falls in these people. The aquatic environment is also suitable for people who want to prevent or treat phlebitis, as the hydrostatic pressure helps improve blood circulation.

The difficulty of moving in water facilitates the development of strength and muscle tone, which can be further complemented by the inclusion of accessories, like a ball (which helps the body adapt to the needs of each person, offering a greater or lesser resistance) and, in the same way, improving physical attributes and skills such as general fitness, aerobic and muscular. Logically, this water feature makes it appropriate for people with osteoporosis, which could reinforce their endurance.

The water also provides better muscle balance and thermoregulation. Body temperature is much more stable, providing greater comfort and makes the workout more enjoyable. Also, the aqua brings relaxation and comfort to those who practice it, especially the sedative effect of warm water.

AQUAGYM IN PREGNANCY

The changes a woman undergoes during the nine months of pregnancy, such as swollen legs, feet and ankles, overweight, varicose veins or hemorrhoids can be controlled through exercise. According to several studies conclude, one of the more benefits they can bring water gymnastics is so special in reducing back pain. While pregnant should first consult your doctor whether it is appropriate or not for her making this kind of exercise, the fact is that the aqua relax, it helps to spend excess calories, improves circulation and makes the woman feel not so much weight belly.

If carried out such exercises, always conducted by specialists, it is advisable to do so from the fifth month of pregnancy. During the class is recommended for general movements and water rides and toning exercises the limbs. Importantly, the experts advise exercise training adapted to the period of pregnancy and physical state of the pregnant woman and give a few minutes breathing techniques and relaxation.

Try the best of natural testosterone that really work!

This type of exercise can improve cardiorespiratory fitness and neuromuscular fitness in elderly

There are many benefits that have signed to the practice of aquatic fitness and, specifically, the water aerobics. Many studies have shown that it is an excellent practice in many ways, and that can benefit both those seeking a little relaxation and to those who want to strengthen your muscle mass.

Even more significantly favors to those who undergo rehabilitation treatment. And in older people has shown that this type of exercise can accelerate the process of getting in shape.

Exercising in water combines the advantages and requirements to qualify as healthy. Its recreational use and historic rehabilitation is now: Hippocrates used the water for the treatment of diseases as early as 460 BC, the Romans used hot or cold water for different purposes, and the Greeks popularized walks on water. Since then and throughout the world have developed different practices of aquatic exercises for beneficial purposes. Currently, several studies supporting that exercise in water, specifically water aerobics, is most appropriate.

Practices for 12 weeks in water and others on land. After this period, data of body weight, heart rate, aerobic power, flexibility and elasticity were very similar between the two groups. By contrast, the cardiorespiratory fitness and neuromuscular fitness in older women who had carried out its plan of training in the water improved significantly.

Toning in water

The water aerobics is recommended to overweight people, injured trauma, whose mobility and joint stability in knee

The water aerobics is a type whose water fitness exercises focus on muscle tone, in the repetitions and work with different materials such as weights or balls, among others. In essence, the move is aquagym into aquatic physical work being done in earth building, yes, the possibilities provided by the new medium. It usually takes place in shallow pools (1.20 m to 1.50 m) but also runs on other pools. The most suitable temperature should range between 28 º C and 31 º C.

With aqua gym improves overall fitness, because exercise is accomplished with an adaptability to different swimming techniques. It allows for a better recovery from injury, so it is suitable for people in rehabilitation processes. It will work different muscle groups in a specific way (with repeated movements between 15 and 60 times) and alternate exercises the upper, middle (oblique and abdominal) and lower body, varying the different parties during the entire session.

In view of the physical and sporting activities all adolescents must undergo a medical examination specialist, preferably repeated periodically. One goal is the group of adolescents rates of maturity, both physical (eg, through the stages of Tanner-Whitehouse), and mentally.

There are questionnaires that purpose, such as the American Academy of Pediatrics and others. The sports medical evaluation should include anthropometric evaluation, personal pathological history, adequacy of respiratory, musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, nutritional status, a basic analytical study, and so on.
Through exercise we implement physical activities to improve muscular performance at the same time is preserved and increases fitness.

Gymnastics is the set of regulated exercise, aimed not only to strengthen the body, but to encourage flexibility. There are many forms of it besides the classic calisthenics, such as “aerobic” or quick-moving rhythmic gymnastics to the music, shaping the body and oxygenate the tissues.

The “stretch gymnastics (stretching) is smooth and favors” souplesse “or elastic body, avoiding the rigidities of sedentary lifestyles, stress or the stiffness of old age. (See eg. Bob Anderson’s book “How to rejuvenate your body stretching, edited Integral).
The Herbert is practiced gymnastics outdoors.

The gymnastics bodybuilder or culture is prone to exaggeration and the use of anabolics, not always harmless, whether hormonal or other origin. It promotes fitness. Equipment usually helps. Many are the dangers of steroids, especially steroids: halitosis (bad breath odor), liver injury, changes in menstrual cycle, decreasing the size of the testicles, erectile dysfunction, infertility, hypertension, braking action on the size, various mental disorders and so on.
Chinese Gymnastics, Tai Chi and others,Acrobatic gymnastics, Or remedial educational gymnastics trying to remedy defects or deformities of the body through appropriate exercises. Thus has a very clear medical component, and there is a recognized medical specialty, rehabilitation.
The physiotherapy or kinesitherapy is the treatment of disease by movements and muscular exercise.

The variety of studies that established the close association between physical activity and cardiovascular health led the American Heart Association to declare the inactivity as a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease.

diseases of the heart and arteries occupy a dismal first cause of mortality in the Western world. In its appearance and development involved multiple risk factors within which smoking, cholesterol disorders, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle. diabetes, mental stress and obesity have a place of importance.

Regular physical exercise helps to combat these factors and more, by acting directly on the heart and blood vessels, is one of the most effective in preventing the onset and disease progression. In people who have already had heart disease, has shown that exercise in the treatment works, improving the quality and quantity of years lived.

The benefits of exercise are not only related to the prevention of heart disease. Individuals who carry a more active lifestyle “feel better” in their bodies and superior resistance to the various attacks that life and the passage of time restraints. Adults who maintain an active life at older ages to come more readily to work and less reliance on those around them.

It has proven beneficial effects of exercise on the preservation of bone density with a high impact on the prevention of osteoporosis. Different joint and muscle pains are relieved by special exercise sessions and active life prevents the emergence of this type of discomfort.

The leg vein disorders in physical activity are one of the most important and proven forms of treatment. The physical discomfort and aesthetic problems of venous insufficiency generates thousands of women can be prevented and treated with appropriate programs of physical exercises.

But it all ends here: there is a positive relationship between the immune system (the body’s defenses) and physical activity. Several epidemiological studies have explained the lower prevalence of different forms of cancer among physically active people. Recent experience has suggested that women who exercise regularly have less predisposition to tumors of the breast and uterus.

Physical activity is an essential tool in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. On the other hand, is an indisputable element in the treatment of hypertension.

Incoming search terms for the article:

Increased physical activity can give you a longer life and improved health. Exercise helps prevent heart disease and many other problems. Exercise builds strength, gives you more energy and can help reduce anxiety and tension. It is also a good way to change the course of your appetite and burn calories.

Who should I exercise?

Increased physical activity can benefit almost everyone. Most people can begin a moderate exercise program alone. If you think you can not exercise safely and for any reason, talk with your doctor before starting any new exercise program. Your doctor needs to know who wants to start exercising especially if you have heart trouble, high blood pressure or arthritis, or if you often feel dizzy or have chest pain.

What kind of exercise should I do?

The exercise that increases your heart rate and move large muscles (such as the muscles in your legs or arms) are best. Choose an activity you enjoy and that you can start slowly and increase gradually as you become used to. Walking is very popular and requires no special equipment. Other good exercises you can do are swimming, cycling, jogging and dancing. Walking up the stairs instead of the elevator or walking instead of driving are good ways to increase the level of activity in his life.

How long should you exercise?

Start off exercising 3 or more times per week for 20 minutes or more, and work up a minimum of 30 minutes, 4 to 6 times a week. This may include multiple active instances of short time in a day. Exercise during your lunch break or going to do their daily chores can be a way to include exercise into a busy schedule. Exercising with a friend or family member can help make it fun, and give him a companion encouraged each other to keep doing the exercise.

Is there anything I should do before and after exercise?

You should begin a workout with warm up and stretch. During this time (5 to 10 minutes), you must stretch your muscles slowly and gradually increase the amount of activity. For example, begin walking slowly and then pick up speed.

When you finish your workout, cool down for about 5 to 10 minutes. Again, stretch your muscles and let your heart slow down. You can use the same stretches as you used to warm the body.

At the end of this pamphlet we will give a number of exercises for your legs. If you have to exercise to the arms, shoulders, chest and back, be sure to stretch all these muscles.

How hard do I should I workout?

Even small amounts of exercise is good for your health. Start with an activity they feel comfortable. When you are accustomed to exercising, try to keep your heart rate 60% or 85% of “maximum heart rate.” To determine the target heart rate for you in the exercise, subtract your age in years from 220 (which gives your maximum heart rate) and then multiply that number by 0.60 or 0.85. For example, if you’re 40, you subtract 40 from 220, which would give 180 (220 – 40 = 180). Then you would multiply this number by 0.60 or 0.85. This gives you 108 or 153 (180 x 0.60 = 108 and 180 x 0.85 = 153).

When starting an exercise program, you may want to use the lowest number (0.60) to calculate your maximum heart rate. Eventually, increasing your conditioning, you may want to use the highest number (0.85) to calculate your maximum heart rate. Check your pulse by lightly pressing with 2 fingers on the side of his neck and counting the beats for 1 minute. Use a watch with second hand hand (in seconds) and count the beats for 1 minute.

How can I avoid injury?

The surest way to avoid injury during exercise is to avoid trying to do too much too soon. Start with an activity that is easy, such as walking. Walk for a few minutes a day or several times a day. From then gradually increase the time and activity level. For example, increasing the speed of walking in the space of several weeks. If you feel tired or sore, ease up somewhat on the level of exercise they did or laze by one day. Try not to give up too quickly, but do not feel great right away! Talk to your doctor if you have any questions or think you have been injured seriously.

What about training?

Most exercises will help your heart and other muscles. Strength training is exercise that develops the strength and power of the large muscles of the body. Weight lifting is an example of this type of exercise. Exercise machines can also provide you with this type of training. Your doctor can give you information on how to exercise safely lifting weights and working with machines.

Stretching exercises for warming and cooling

Calf stretch
Face a wall, standing about 2 feet from the wall. Keep your heels flat and your back straight, lean forward and press your hands and forehead to the wall. You should feel the stretch in the area above your heels (this colored area in the figure). Hold for 20 seconds and then relax. Repeat.

Quadriceps Stretch
Face a wall, standing about 1 foot away. Yourself by placing your right hand against the wall. Lift your right foot behind you and grab with his left hand. Gently pull your foot toward your buttocks, stretching the muscles in front of the leg for 20 seconds. Repeat with left leg.

Groin Stretch
Squat down and put both hands flat on the floor before him. Stretch your left leg back. Keep your right foot flat on the floor and lean forward with your chest toward your front knee, and gradually change the amount of weight toward your back leg, keeping it as straight as possible. Hold the stretch for 20 seconds. Repeat the exercise with your left leg back.

Stretching the back muscles (hamstring)
Lie with your back flat on the floor and both knees bent. Your feet should be flat on the floor, with 6 inches between each foot. Bend your right knee toward your chest and hold his hands behind his thigh by the knee. Slowly straighten your right leg, feeling gentle stretching in the back of his leg. Hold for 20 seconds. Repeat with left leg.

What is it?

The retina is a layer of light-sensitive tissue which is located on the back of the eye. It acts as a processor: the images pass through the lens of the eye and focus on it, which turns them into electrical signals and, through the optic nerve, reach the brain. By function, any disruption is very detrimental. The lesions in the retina of the eye are one of the most serious complications in the development of diabetes: 25% of blindness in Spain are caused by diabetic retinopathy.

25% of blindness in Spain have their origin in diabetic retinopathy

Maintain high levels of blood glucose and high levels of blood pressure (which is common in people with diabetes) can damage small blood vessels of the retina, which weaken and impede proper blood flow. This may be of varying severity in both eyes. In some cases it comes time to extravasation of fluid in these capillaries, which worsens the situation and leads to vision loss.

Its development is directly related to the years of development of diabetes and patient age. There are stages in which precipitated its progression, such as puberty and pregnancy when it is most likely to get out of control blood sugar levels.

Diagnosis is made through a study of the eye, ophthalmoscopy, which examines changes in retinal blood vessels in the fundus and the optic disc, which is the beginning of the optic nerve. Although this scan is painless, it is somewhat uncomfortable as it is administered eye drops causes pupil dilation, fast and reversible. This causes, at times, and during a period of time, which depends on each person, it tarnishes the vision and bright lights bother. So driving is not recommended after the test. Once both pupils dilated, and with a light source that is in the instrument itself, it shines into the eye through the iris and all structures are displayed with the magnifying lens.
Recommendations for the diabetic patient

To reduce the risk of diabetic retinopathy, is critical with complete surveillance of the factors that aggravate the injury of blood vessels in the retina. These include careful control of diabetes and blood glucose concentration, the levels of blood pressure and cholesterol, and avoid consuming alcohol and snuff. There is evidence that smoking prevents the retina reach the necessary amounts of oxygen.

All treatment guidelines agree that healthy diet, capable of maintaining a healthy weight, and the assiduous practice of physical exercise are important pillars in maintaining the health of the whole population, especially in diabetics, for whom these guidelines are part of the treatment of their disease. Experts insist undergo ophthalmologic examinations periodically (even if no symptoms), along with good visual hygiene.

Some recommendations for maintaining good eye health are corrected using glasses if necessary and appropriate sun protection, in addition to using protective filters when working with computer or eye protection to prevent burns or wounds, not self-medicate with eye drops, except under medical prescription or not to overstress visual read and work with optimal light conditions.

Demonstrated effectiveness of photocoagulation

Faced with diabetic retinopathy, the ophthalmologist may recommend laser photocoagulation, a procedure used to remove the spilled blood vessels in the eye and delay loss of vision, and a drug treatment that decreases. For this reason, it is key to conduct a thorough screening of patients likely to develop it. There are two studies that show that laser therapy: the Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study, ETDRS (early treatment study of diabetic retinopathy).

The first, based on a sample of 1,758 patients indicate that reducing vision loss caused by this disease: it causes a severe visual loss in 15.9% of untreated eyes, compared to 6.4 % in the treated eyes. The benefit is lower in patients with low risk and higher among those with high risk. This latter type of control patients, 26% progressed to severe vision loss, compared with 11% treated with laser.

The ETDRS also established the benefit of laser photocoagulation surgery in eyes with macular edema, accumulation of fluid from the retina-significant. Other results of this study show that aspirin does not prevent the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy does not reduce the risk of visual loss, but does not increase the risk of vitreous hemorrhage, when blood is concentrated in the center of the eye (vitreous gel).

Incoming search terms for the article:

Visual Acuity
Visual acuity is a measure of visual health, must be assumed as a technique to determine the status of the quantity and quality of vision. One should understand that eye care is not completed in the making of visual acuity.

From 5 to 14 years

* The test should be safe lighting.

* The usual distance should be 6 meters if different distance must be compensated.

* Evaluate each eye separately starting with the right. The eye is not considered to be occluded.

* Test results are recorded in digital form of fractions, expressed in feet.

* Patients with visual acuity less than 20/20 in either eye should be referred to comprehensive review.

* The technique used is the same as above but using a primer for near vision at a distance of 33 to 40 cms.

From 15 to 40 years

For distance vision

* The test should be safe lighting.

* The usual distance should be 6 meters, in different case the distance must be compensated.

* Evaluate each eye separately starting with the right. The eye is not considered to be occluded.

* Test results are recorded in a number of fractions, expressed in feet.

From 15 to 40 years

* Patients with visual acuity less than 20/20 in either eye should be referred to comprehensive review.

* The technique used is the same as above but using a primer for near vision at a distance of 33 to 40 cms.

Ocular Motility
It assesses the functioning of the extraocular muscles as follows:

* Diagnostic positions of gaze using a light source or a real object in monocular and binocular near vision.

* Cover-test to 6 meters. to 40 cms. and 20 cms. using a light source and a real object or occluder.

Perimetry
Visual field is assessed as follows:

Monocularly, using a real indicator or light, the patient should set right in front a fixed point. The indicator is moved from the periphery to the center and the person reporting the time when the indicator appears or disappears. This test should be conducted at different levels Cartesian (horizontal, vertical and oblique).

Diagnostics
Optometrist should be referred to any person with results of evaluation of visual acuity less than or greater than 20/20. The treatment for the defects of refraction is to prescribe optical correction. This activity is performed by the optometrist.

When the person does not have an improvement in vision in both eyes with the conventional optical prescription is referred to the ophthalmologist and subsequently to functional rehabilitation unit.

If the results of evaluation of ocular motility is strabismus, refers to the optometrist. He diagnosed strabismus orthoptics and receive preoperative treatment by an optometrist and surgical treatment by an ophthalmologist.

A person diagnosed with cataract is referred to the ophthalmologist for surgical treatment or control of it as evolution.

Coverage
To achieve coverage goals, available resources should be used primarily in the population group where the alterations are more frequent.

Coverage for Year 2. 000 is 20% of the universe.

The activities of screening, diagnosis and treatment to correct refractive errors of cataracts and strabismus are:

* Eye health screening in school children under 12 years, public and charitable institutions and coordinate the access of people suspected of altering the relevant entities for definitive diagnosis and timely treatment.”

VISUAL HEALTH PROTOCOL

* Control of visual acuity once a year.
* Control of refractive services once a year.
* Control of optometry once a year for examination of ocular motility.
* Control of perimetry once a year for visual field examination.
* Person with a diagnosis of cataract refers to ophthalmology for treatment.
* Person with a diagnosis of strabismus orthoptics referred to ophthalmology for treatment or surgery.

Ametropia
When light enters the optical system and is located in one or several different points on the retina. In ametropia are four optical states:
1. Myopia: When the light coming from infinity is focused at a point before the retina.
2. Hyperopia: When light from infinity is focused on one point after the retina.

It is worth noting that the hyperopia facultative and this can be compensated by accommodation, therefore the person reported in good vision.

3. Astigmatism: When the light coming from infinity is located at two different points within the eye’s optical system.
4. Presbyopia: A condition where the visual optical system loses the ability to zoom in the light on the retina. It is a process given by the depletion of physiological eye starting about forty years old, and stabilized to sixty.

Limitation Visual
Defined as visual impairment visual system impairment which results in difficulties in the development of activities that require the use of vision.

In the context of visually impaired people are blind and low vision, whereas with low vision, those who after the best conventional optical or surgical correction in the better eye does not exceed the 20/60 visual acuity to perception of light and a visual field no greater than 10 degrees from the fixation point, but who uses or is potentially able to use vision for the execution of visual tasks. Blind is a person who does not see light through optical.

Cataract
It is a lens opacity caused by systemic and environmental problems, inherited or acquired, resulting in a decrease in visual acuity or visual field.

Strabismus
lmbalance muscle characterized by the deviation of the visual axes, without offset, causing problems of convergence or divergence of binocular vision.

Functional Rehabilitation
Functional rehabilitation means comprehensive and continuous process of limited duration and with clear objectives, consistent with the characteristics and conditions of the person with disabilities, designed to allow the person with impairment or disability maintain, optimize or restore a physical level, mental sensory, which allow you to perform adequately in a physical environment, social and family work.

Thus we can conclude that is to make the most of all abilities and remnants of the disabled person to get obtain a level of adaptability and functionality that supports their independence at psychosocial, occupational, economic, family and others.

Visual Stimulation
Set of processes to achieve the development of visual functions.

Visual Training
Set of processes to develop skills and abilities in the use of visual residue to allow better performance in daily skills of visual order.

Universe
The target population is the entire population. In all age groups are common defects of refraction, visual acuity, ocular motility and cataracts.